Cities :: Sociology, Rising Urban Stars

A great many people live in urban areas, while other live in country territories. A city life is typically all the more elating in light of the fact that it got shopping centers, eateries, schools, transportation, emergency clinics, and considerably more. Be that as it may, what is a city? A city is a huge zone were gathering of individuals with comparative qualities live and practice their conventional day by day exercises. As per Caves (2005), a city can't be characterized by one definition since it incorporates numerous things that give numerous definitions. Every city has an alternate method of creating and developing, it finds a way to turn out to be increasingly reasonable, and has the confirmation, for example, Dubai, that shows it is a triumphant city. Numerous ways are accessible for the city to advance. Foroohar (2006) expressed that a city could develop when country’s government scan for approaches to decentralize the work. As a delineation, Rising Urban Stars urban communities, for example, Las Vegas, Dubai, and Cape Town are offering bounty of prospering vocations in administration organizations like banking and diversion that help the city to advance (Foroohar, 2006). Another route for the city to extend is building up the innovation. As indicated by Foroohar, â€Å"areas with innovative or information based businesses like fund - witness the renaissance of New York and London, and the blast of development in Shanghai or Hong Kong.† (2006, para.5). Urban communities with high innovation blossom quickly where the brokers become wealthier, pay rates become higher, and the expense of land took off (Foroohar, 2006). A third conceivable route for a city to create is through extending the city’s economy. Forooh ar (2006) affirmed that sprouting economies help the city to develop quick. For example, 55 urban communities in China, 12 urban areas in Indonesia, and 10 urban communities in India are of the main 150 quickly extending urban areas, they grow with the guide of the growing economy in the city (Foroohar, 2006). In addition, Arnold (2010) detailed that exchanging and making business with outsiders is urgent for the city’s economy that advances the city’s development. Arnold proceeds by saying that’ â€Å"Legislative issues should be tended to in light of the fact that they cut down financing expenses and increment the absorptive limit of the economy.’† (Shaher as refered to in Arnold, 2010). Besides, urban areas can create and augment through brilliant transportation. Foroohar (2006) accepts that extraordinary transportation claims individuals and organizations to the city and that causes the city to develop. Basically, urban communities follow vario us courses to extend and grow; nonetheless, they all arrive at a similar point.

Nestle Management free essay sample

Right off the bat we would say thanks to Allah for giving us the chance and the assets to have the option to accomplish something profitable with our lives. Without His endowments we would not have had the option to come the extent that we have. At that point our earnest gratitude to Miss Naima khurshid for helping us all through this task. His rules have been extremely helpful for us in setting up this task. He helped us find better approaches for being imaginative and innovative. This venture would not have been conceivable without her participation and ceaseless heading. Last however not the least we might want to thank our families for their unending help and endorsement. . Presentation Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited (EFL) has been set up in 2005 as a feature of an expansion procedure at the Engro Group. The plant situated at Sukkur on 23 section of land, has the crude milk gathering ability of 300,000 liters for every day and UHT milk limit of 200,000 liters for every day. The plant has been built up at an expense of Rs. 1 billion which gives direct work to 750 individuals. Engro Foods has entered the Food business through milk preparing and deal with the company’s vision to seek after development openings dependent on nation essentials and own quality. It likewise positions the organization to use its corporate social obligation activities and work intimately with country networks to advance incorporated cultivating and animals improvement. This exertion is relied upon to assume a vital job in neediness easing and improving jobs of the poor in the milk assortment regions. Vision Our vision is to turn into a quick extending uber nourishments organization. To accomplish our vision, the organization will at first spotlight on dairy by putting a significant sum in plant, milk assortment ability and promoting. We are putting forth solid attempts to extend in and past Pakistan; through vital worldwide unions, to in the long run become worldwide. Basic beliefs 1. Authority 2. Advancement 3. Assorted variety and International center 4. Quality and nonstop Improvement 5. Authentic and open correspondences 6. Singular development and advancement 7. Energetic quest for benefit 8. Morals and uprightness 9. Wellbeing, Health and Environment Departments 1. Organization Efficient administration of every managerial issue of Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited is the activity of the Administration division. From lawful issues to general everyday tasks of the workplace, the Administration division guarantees that all issues run easily. 2. Money and Accounts The Finance and Accounting offices at Engro Foods are liable for the complete monetary administration of the various organizations of the organization. From the typical bookkeeping articulations and sheets to hazard and portfolio the board, the group guarantees that each rupee coming into and out of the Companies pockets is appropriately recorded and reviewed. 3. Human Resource The Human Resource office at Engro Foods (Pvt. ) Limited leads the enrollment procedure to guarantee that the best human asset is accepted at Engro Foods. Resumes of up-and-comers are painstakingly recorded and archived for present or future reference. The division, other than doing progression arranging, keeps up and actualizes HR approaches relating to work, maintenance and superannuation. Surveying preparing requirements of representatives and guaranteeing satisfactory preparing is likewise done by the expert HR group at Engro Foods. . Advertising Consisting of driving promoting experts of the business, who are alumni of top business colleges of Pakistan, the Marketing Department guarantees that from item need ID to item advancement, dispatch and post-dispatch, every single vital choice are made dependent on credible data and research. Recognizing the objective markets, viably conveying to them and building the picture of the brands just as the Companies, is the activity of the ex perts running the showcasing at Engro Foods. 5. Milk Procurement As the entirety of our food items are milk based, the whole Milk Procurement division assumes a basic job in characterizing the nature of the final result that arrives at our clients. Guaranteeing normal assortment of new and unadulterated milk directly from the rancher to the industrial facility and discovering the newness of milk all over the milk obtainment process, is the obligation of Milk Procurement division, comprising of food Technologists working at the assortment communities and veterinary specialists offering support to the ranchers. 6. MIS The MIS division at Engro Foods guarantees that all computerization is running blunder free consistently. Consistently adjusting and refreshing the Companys bookkeeping programming is additionally the MIS groups duty. 7. Creation Modern innovation is a vital part of Production at Engro Foods. The cutting edge plant set up close Sukkhar has a preparing limit of in excess of 300,000 liters of milk for each day, making it one of the biggest in the nation. Expertly qualified human asset productively works night and day to keep up most elevated cleanliness principles. . Quality Assurance Quality Assurance is carefully followed in Engro Foods. Qualified food technologists at this office guarantee that greatest parameters are clung to through all means of creation and that the items arrive at the customers according to guarantee. 9. Gracefully and Distribution This office guarantees convenient and compelling dispersion of the items to various shops and stores spread the whole way across Pak istan. From transportation the board to acquiring course allows and endorsements, is finished by this office 2. Targets and issues In the ongoing hardly any months, it appeared that wherever one looked, there was either an announcement, a TVC or a radio jingle advancing a brand of milk †regardless of whether it was Haleeb, Nurpur, Pakola, Nirala, or, as of late, Olper’s. Be that as it may, maybe this isn’t astounding all things considered. Pakistan, as indicated by late insights, is the third biggest milk creating nation on the planet (32 billion liters for every year from 50 million creatures, with urban utilization at about seven billion liters). Be that as it may, regardless of this high positioning, bundled milk, in any event, as indicated by the most hopeful evaluations, has a negligible four percent infiltration. No big surprise then that prepared milk organizations (PLMCs) have been fairly forceful in their promoting and showcasing tries trying to build the entrance. Industry specialists accept that the current financial turnaround has added to the development in the PLM area, bringing about expanded customer buying power. Another purpose behind development is a developing mindfulness relating to wellbeing and cleanliness; this factor, combined with expanding disappointment with free milk, has likewise added to development in this division. Be that as it may, so as to make a recognizable increment in entrance, numerous difficulties recognitions despite everything must be overwhelmed by the PLMCs. The least significant one, maybe, is convention. Milk, even among the most urbanized purchasers, is interchangeable with the unexpected appearance of the doodhwala (milkman) at their home on his trusty bike (presently supplanted by a motorbike), strengthening the feeling that the milk is new, characteristic and directly from the bovine. Also, it is this discernment that solitary free milk is new, and along these lines solid and additive free, that must be survived, whenever expanded entrance is to happen at a generous rate. Another obstacle in changing over free milk clients to prepared fluid milk is cost. In Punjab, in light of the fact that most dairy ranches are based there, free milk is modest at roughly Rs 24 for every liter, while handled milk is evaluated at around Rs 38 for each liter. In Sindh, in any case, the value differential between free (Rs 28) and handled milk (Rs 38) is just Rs 10. In spite of the fact that obstacles, for example, buyer discernments and value differentials have still to be survived, the prepared fluid milk showcase looks set to develop. There is an entire world out there to be changed over, and it is an immense open door for PLMCs. On the off chance that the economy stays stable for the following five years, infiltration will increment at an astonishing rate. 3. Official synopsis This undertaking is about the showcasing plan of Olper’s from when ENGRO nourishments concocted adding another product offering to their effectively settled and since quite a while ago arrangement of product offerings to the point that they are still intensely advancing their item. We start by giving a short history about Olper’s and how it appeared. We talk about the corporate structure and hierarchical chain of command of ENGRO Fertilizers, its statement of purpose and the vision. We move further with its objectives that it has contemplated for Olper’s and in the long run the kind of hierarchical culture of the association. We talk about the sorts of showcasing research directed by the organization before acquainting it with the market and how they have sectioned its objective market and situated the item in the brains of the purchasers. We examine the SWOT investigation wherein we talk about the qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers the association is looking since its item was propelled. At that point the PEST examination is commonly about how the outside components influence the development and dependability of the item. We move further to discuss an assortment of advertising systems utilized at various phases of the item life cycle, that is advancing the item and making customers mindful of Olper’s utilizing the 4 P’s as well as could be expected. The report likewise discusses the job brand value played in expanding the deals for Olper’s. Right off the bat, there are the different ways utilized by the brand administrators to manufacture and measure brand value and once the clients begin to acknowledge it then how they have dealt with the brand value of Olper’s. We finish up the report by examining the social obligations in which ENGRO Fertilizers is included and the likely arrangements of the association for Olper’s. 4. Circumstance examination A. Market synopsis

10 Marketing Trends to Watch

10 Marketing Trends to Watch We are living in a time of radical transformation, with emerging technologies, methods, and consumer behaviors constantly changing the field of marketing.If you want your business to self itself apart from its competitors in a very crowded marketing environment, you need to not only be aware of emerging marketing trends, but to also take advantage of these trends to keep yourself ahead of the pack.You already have a marketing strategy or approach that has previously worked well for your business, and at this point, you might wondering why you need to bother learning about any new trends when you have something that works just fine for you.I’ll tell you why. You see, marketing trends don’t just evolve for the sake of it.The engineers at Facebook don’t just sit in their offices at Menlo Park and say something like, “You know what, it’s a boring day today, why don’t we have some fun by changing the algorithms that determine what users see on their timeline?”You can bet tha t has never happened.Instead, changes in the marketing world are initiated by changes in consumer behavior.Consumers change the way they interact with advertisements, how they research products before purchasing, how they shop, and their preferred methods of making payments, which in turn forces the marketing world to instigate its own changes to reflect the changes in consumer behavior and preferences.If you don’t want your business to become irrelevant and obsolete, you have to stay up to date with any changes and trends in the marketing world and adapt your businesses to these changes.Sure, sticking to your old way of doing things might be cheaper in the short term, but in the long term, your business will be left behind while the rest of the world moves ahead.Below, we have compiled a list of 10 trends that will define the marketing world over the next one year.If you are interested in putting your business ahead of your competitors, go through the list, find those that are mo st suitable for your business and start implementing.ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WILL PLAY A BIGGER ROLE IN PERSONALIZATION AND AUTOMATION Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of computers to perform tasks that have been ordinarily believed to be the reserve of humans, or tasks that require some level of intelligence to accomplish.I’m talking about tasks such as reasoning, talking, socializing, learning, solving problems, and so on.When a computer program is able to accomplish such tasks, it is considered to be artificially intelligent.Artificial intelligence has been steadily growing in prominence, and it has already become a natural part of our daily lives.There are several situations where you interact with AI on a daily basis, even if you might not have been aware of it.When you ask Siri to give you directions to get you where you are going, or when you ask it to text someone, you are interacting with AI.When YouTube recommends videos you might like, it does this using AI . When you post a photo on Facebook and Facebook automatically recognizes and tags everyone in the photo, that is AI at play.Slowly, AI has been inching its way into the world of marketing and is poised to revolutionize how businesses advertise to and interact with their customers.AI will improve and expand the ability of businesses to connect with their customers and allow them to solve customers’ problems much faster and more effectively.Today, consumers perform a lot of activities online, and in so doing, they leave behind a treasure trove of data.AI makes it possible for businesses to analyze this data and gain useful insights about customer behavior, priorities, interests, and preferences.Using these insights, businesses can then provide a more customized and personalized online experience to their customers, leading to improved engagements between customers and the business and increased conversions and increased sales.While the use of AI in marketing is not new, recent adva nces in the technology will make personalization of the customer experience better and more accurate than ever before.Granted, there are concerns about how ethical it is to mine customer data to understand their behavior and drive sales, but reports show that customers have no problem sharing their personal data in exchange for a more personalized experience.If you have not been utilizing AI in your marketing strategy, it might be time to jump on board.Start researching different ways you can incorporate AI into your marketing operations.To get you started, here is a list of marketing skills you need in the era of artificial intelligence.INTERACTIVE VIDEO CONTENTVideo marketing has been on steadily growing for a couple of years now.Every month, more than 1.9 billion users log onto YouTube, the world’s largest video streaming platform.Every single day, over one billion hours of video are viewed on the platform.A report by Cisco also predicted that video content will account for ove r 80% of internet traffic by this year.According to Spiceworks, adoption of video marketing by marketers will grow to 68% in 2019, up from 49% in 2018.With video marketing showing so much promise, markets are trying to come up with news of taking advantage of the trend. One of these is interactive video.You might be wondering what exactly interactive video is.Traditionally, watching video has been a very passive affair. You click play to start the content and then lean back as the content plays till the end.The only interactions allowed when watching traditional video are pausing, rewinding, and fast forwarding. Interactive video, on the other hand, gives you numerous options to interact with the video content.You can drag the video to see the content from different angles, input data that will alter the direction of the content, answer quizzes within the video, view additional information about elements within the video, and do several other things.Basically, a user’s experience with interactive video is unique based on how they choose to interact with the video content. You can check out an amazing example of an interactive video here.Interactive videos are gaining a lot of popularity because they help boost engagement. Interactive videos perform better than traditional videos, and viewers are more likely to get to the end of an interactive video compared to an ordinary video.According to an infographic by Advrtas, 98% of Americans feel that the content in 360 ° videos is more exciting compared to regular video content. 360 ° videos also have a much higher click-through rate than regular videos.According to Oh! Video, 70% of marketers believe that interactive videos have helped boost their business.With such reports, you can expect that the use of interactive video in marketing will only keep growing.CHATBOTS ARE HERE TO STAYEver made an inquiry to a business and then had to wait for 24 hours or more before getting a response?How did it make you feel? By t he time the response came, you had probably forgotten about the inquiry, or maybe you had already purchased what you were looking for from someone else.Generally, humans are very impatient.According to HubSpot, over half of your customers expect their sales, marketing, or customer service inquiry to be responded to within 10 minutes.Unless you have hundreds of customer service representatives, responding to ALL customer inquiries within 10 minutes is not possible.Or is it?Turns out it is possible with the help of chatbots.Chatbots are little AI powered assistants that integrate into websites and play the role of customer service representatives by typically responding to customer inquiries and fulfilling customer requests quickly.These bots have the ability to understand complex requests and give personalized responses. They can also learn and improve their interactions with customers over time.Sometime, customers might not even realize that they are interacting with bots.With chatb ots, businesses no longer need to have a free human member of staff to hold a one on one live chat with a customer.Bots are highly scalable and can chat with hundreds of customers simultaneously, while giving these customers the perception of a one on one interaction.While chatbots have been around for a while, the technology will continue growing and defining interactions between businesses and customers.According to a report by Oracle, 80% of companies are already using or plan to be using chatbots by next year (2020), while another report by Grand View Research predicts that the global chatbot market will hit $1.25 billion by 2025.Such reports show that this trend in marketing will continue growing, and if you have not started using this technology in your business, you should start considering it. Source: RubyGarageTHE RISE OF VOICE SEARCHWhen was the last time you used one of the major voice assistants â€" Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana, or Alexa?I’m guessing you have had an interaction with one of them at least once in the last one month.These voice assistants are becoming more popular and changing how we search for and consumer information.Voice recognition technology is not new.However, in the last couple of years, voice assistant devices and smart speakers have become very affordable, leading to an explosion in the use of this technology.Many of them already come with your smartphone. You can get a smart speaker, such as the Google Home or the Amazon Echo for less than $150.The ubiquity of these voice assistants has led to an increase in the number of search queries that are made by voice.The growing popularity of voice search stems from the convenience offered by these devices.You can easily find information without pulling out your device or having to free your hands from whatever you are doing.Asking a question or issuing a command verbally is also more natural than typing something on a keyboard or clicking icons and buttons on a screen.Marketers have realized the potential of voice and are already responding and finding ways to capitalize on voice technology to reach their target audiences more effectively.According to Search Engine Land, commerce sales driven by voice hit $1.8 billion in 2017, and are expected to hit $40 billion in the next 3 years.If you want to cash in on this growing market, this is the right time to get into the game. Source: CodeCondoFOCUS ON EXPERIENTIAL COMMERCEIn the past, most marketing initiatives were focused on pushing products to customers.However, businesses are doing away with this approach to marketing in favor of experiential commerce, which is aimed at pulling in customers to the brand.Experiential commerce is all about giving customers a great experience throughout their interaction with your brand and focusing on building a lasting relationship with them, rather than simply focusing on a single transaction.It’s all about creating a seamless experience for customers across different channels and platforms and removing friction in all the customer touch points where a customer might engage with your business before making a purchase decision.While the focus on a single transaction is less costly and will bring results much faster, experiential commerce has greater benefits in the long run.It turns customers into true fans of your brand and increases their customer lifetime value.Co mpanies have already started embracing experiential marketing.For instance, a Bloomberg report outlines Walmart’s plan to introduce VR into their shopping experience. The retailer has a plan to introduce virtual showrooms accessible on VR.Customers can navigate the virtual showroom and grab items off the virtual shelf. These items then get sent to the customer’s home.Similarly, men’s clothing store Nordstrom has introduced a new store that allows customers to navigate their experience through an app on their smartphone.A customer selects the clothes they would like to try on, and the dressing room is set up in advance with the clothes they chose.This trend will only continue getting bigger, and if you don’t want to be left behind, you should start looking for ways to make customer interactions with your brand more appealing.THE RISE OF VERTICAL VIDEOIt seems video will play a very important role in the future of marketing.Today, mobile usage is at an all-time high, and there fore it goes without saying that most videos are consumed on mobile devices.Previously, however, people were forced to turn their mobile devices to the side when viewing videos in full screen mode, something that people do not always like.This led to the rise of vertical video, which was introduced by Snapchat and has been popularized by Instagram’s IGTV.This is a standalone app that allows mobile users to watch videos in vertical mode. IGTV also allows users to post videos that are much longer than the main Instagram app allows. Facebook has also embraced vertical video format.Vertical video is better suited for mobile devices, and with predictions that mobile devices will account for 72% of internet traffic by 2025, you can bet that this trend is not going away.All the major social media platforms have also embraced vertical video.Early tests by Facebook also show that vertical video boosts user engagement.This shows that vertical video will become big in the near future, and as a marketer, you need to start familiarizing yourself with this new video format and start adjusting your strategy accordingly.IT’S TIME TO FOCUS ON GEN ZGeneration Z is coming of age. They have started entering the workforce and gaining some purchasing power, which means brands will start to pay more attention to them.If you remember how marketers struggled to understand the millennials, you can expect the same thing to happen with Gen Z, who already make up about 25% of the population.Most people in Gen Z are digital natives.Most don’t recall much about life before the rise of smartphones and internet giants like Google and Amazon.This generation wants brands to provide guidance rather than trying to sell to them, and therefore brands should start adapting themselves to their preferences.In addition, Gen Z wants brands that are socially responsible and authentic.They are more aware about the impact of capitalism on the world, and they want to deal with brands that are committe d to making the world a better place, so brands need to start aiming for authenticity and social responsibility.Even as they focus on Gen Z, brands should also pay attention to the Alpha Generation, which consists of children born after 2009.Despite having no purchasing power themselves, they have an influence on the shopping habits of their millennial parents.In addition, they started using mobile devices just as they were learning to walk.THE GROWTH OF MICRO-INFLUENCERSEver since the rise of social media, influencer marketing has been a major element in most brands’ social media strategy.However, the mainstream approach to influencer marketing is starting to change.Traditionally, brands have been engaging in influencer marketing by partnering with individuals with high follower numbers â€" celebrities and industry experts in most cases.However, celebrity marketing is becoming less effective.Instead, people are paying greater attention to micro-influencers â€" ordinary people who have earned the trust of their peers and followers.For instance, if your brand sells camping gear, your customers are more likely to trust other campers than a celebrity who just went on a fully paid camping trip to shoot photos for the campaign.While micro-influencers have lower follower numbers than celebrities, their followers are more likely to relate with and respond to them, because they view them as “real people,” which in turn leads to higher engagement â€" more clicks, more subscribes, and more purchases.Aside from delivering higher engagement, partnering with a network of micro-influencers is more cost effective for brands compared to engaging high level influencers.In the near future, the use of micro-influencers by brands will continue growing, because this approach has been shown to have better results and to be more cost-effective.Therefore, next time you need to work with influencers, ignore the follower count, and instead do some research and identify ordinary p eople who have built their followers trust in their specific niche.CONTENT MARKETING WILL CONTINUE GROWINGContent marketing has been at the forefront of marketing for a while now, and this is not about to change any time soon.Unlike traditional approaches to marketing, which try hard to push products to customers, content marketing is a form of inbound marketing, which attracts customers to a brand by writing interesting, engaging and valuable content.According to HubSpot, 47% of buyers view three to five pieces of content before they make the purchase decision. 70% of customers also prefer learning about products through content rather than through traditional advertising.By adopting content marketing, you make it possible for potential customers to research and learn about your products at their own pace, without feeling like they are being pressured to buy.This explains why almost every business today has a blog.However, with everyone producing content, simply having a blog and p osting content randomly won’t help you much.If you want your content marketing to be effective, you have to come up with a well thought out content marketing strategy and ensure you produce high quality content that resonates with your target audience.THE RISE OF VISUAL SEARCHAnother new trend that will redefine how users search for information and bring a totally new experience is visual search.Visual search allows people to upload images and then get more information about whatever is in the image.A number of companies have already jumped on the visual search bandwagon. For instance, Pinterest launched a visual search tool known as Lens.By taking a photo of an item using Lens, users can learn more about the item, learn where they can buy it online, view pinboards for similar or related items, or search for similar items.Google also has a similar tool, which is also named Google Lens, though it is only available on Google Pixel phones. With Google Lens, all you need to do is poin t your camera at an item, landmark, or other object and the tool will give you more information about the item.There is also a visual search mobile app known as CamFind, which allows users to perform a visual search by simply taking a photo, instead of typing a search query.You can even take a photo of a movie poster and get more information about the movie, view trailers, and even find local theaters where you can watch the movie.While visual search has not gained a lot of popularity, the technology is steadily growing, and jumping on the trend early can put you ahead of your competitors and make it easier for customers to find your products.WRAPPING UPMarketing is an ever-changing field, and it is always better to be prepared for coming changes rather than find yourself left relying on old strategies while everyone else has moved on to new technologies and new approaches.Fortunately, this list has brought you up to speed with some of the trends that will shape marketing for the ne xt one year or two.While you don’t have to jump on each of these trends right away, it is good to keep you thumb on the pulse of these trends and be ready to adapt where necessary if you want your business to remain relevant.

Practitioner Model versus Practitioner-Model and its...

Scholar-Practitioner Model versus Practitioner-Model and its Impact on My Professional Development Abstract The practitioners-scholar approach is the model I plan to follow to pursue my long-term professional goals of working as a consultant. Understanding the distinction between scholar, practitioner, scholar-practitioner and practitioner-scholar all are instrumental in my ability to create a plan to becoming a practitioner-scholar. Focusing on the history of psychology, becoming an effective researcher and forming invaluable communication skills laid the groundwork for having a successful career as a practitioner-scholar. Although, I do not feel I am either a scholar practitioner or practitioner scholar yet, my course work at†¦show more content†¦The continuum reflects the view that as psychologist we all hold the doctrine of studying the mind, its affects on behavior and ways through research and practice, we can improve humankind (Wasserman and Kram, 2009). Reflecting on the models, I realized neither describes where I am now. I currently view myself as a learner, a stude nt with goals of becoming a successful practitioner-scholar. My success as a practitioner-scholar lies in acquiring knowledge of the history of psychology, becoming an analytical researcher and applying these skills to produce invaluable forms of communication. In order to become a successful practitioner-scholar, acquiring knowledge of the history of psychology is quintessential in my long-term plans to becoming a practitioner-scholar. The history of psychology in America and its role in the education setting and community at large dates back to after World War II (Peterson 2006). Intellectually gifted scientists who were brilliant researchers became the scholars of psychology. As scholars, they taught from a scientist, research perceptive. Therefore, when psychologists begin to leave the academic setting of universities and enter professional careers, they did so as science or scholar practitioners (Peterson 2006). According to Peterson (2006), education by scientists, traini ng as scholars, with little to no professional preparation, sparked the great debate between the two models. The old saying, â€Å"you don’tShow MoreRelatedInternational Perspectives on Early Childhood Education1070 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches upon my settings practice. Today’s society has recognised that significant investment in early year’s provision has valuable long term effects on young children, families and the wider community. Cited in (Papatheodorou and Moyles, p1) As a result government intervention has increased as policy makers attempt to raise standards and improve the quality of early years education. 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English As A Global Language - 1715 Words

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Challenges of Money Market Mkt in India - 3035 Words

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The availability of capital in the money market is insufficient to meet the needs of industry and trade in the country. The main reasons for the shortage of capital are: (a) low saving capacity of the people; (b) inadequate banking facilities, particularly in the rural areas; and (c) undeveloped banking habits among the people. 7. Seasonal Shortage of Funds: A Major drawback of the Indian money market is the seasonal stringency of credit and higher interest rates during a part of the year. Such a shortage invariably appears during the busy months from November to June when there is excess demand for credit for carrying on the harvesting and marketing operations in agriculture. As a result, the interest rates rise in this period. On the contrary, during the slack season, from July to October, the demand for credit and the rate of interest decline sharply. 8. Diversity of Interest Rates: Another defect of Indian money market is the multiplicity and disparity of interest rates. 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Project Management Planning Tools and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Planning Tools and Techniques. Answer: Introduction The paper is mainly focusing the organization Mount Pleasant Hospital that has been facing trouble due to falls related problems in the case of patients (Ika, 2009). After having analysis it has been found that most of the patients injured due to injury belong to the group of old people. Appropriate solution for reducing the problem must have to be evaluated through this overall process. Respective health care organization has already got some serious allegation from the health care community regarding the safety and security of the patients. Organizational data has clearly shown some facts that indicate management of the organization was unable to find out the suitable pathway to reduce the fall related problems from the organizational context. Every project is proposed or raised for solving any kind of issues or problem. The Mount Pleasant Hotel has been facing trouble due to fall rate from a long period of time and the organization also faced some financial penalties. Due to this particular reason management of the healthcare unit has consulted with a project who could find out some fruitful solution for the organization. According to the views of management they are highly getting trouble for this issue and they need an urgent action on this matter. This could be said the prime reason behind the project initiation (Fortune et. al., 2011). Project mission statement Before making any kind of project a specific mission or vision related to the project must have to be presented. This project is initiated by Mount Pleasant Hospital for solving all fall related issues. The mission statement of this project has been mentioned below; Prime goal of this organization or project is to evaluate a suitable plan by which any kind of fall related problem could be minimized. The process is mainly targeted to implement on the old people visit the hospital for treatment. Prime vision of this health care organization is to eradicate fall related problems from the organizational premises. Through this process they want to sort out all kinds of shortcomings from the organizational process (Meredith Belbin, 2011). These are the mission and vision statement of the respective organization. Project goal, objective and strategies Prime goal of the hospital is to evaluate and reduce the fall related problems in the hospital premises. The organization has the target to minimize this type of injury rate in the hospital premises. Objective of the project Specific: The goal of this project is to solve the fall related problems among the patients in the hospital. Measurable: To observe the overall current health care condition and injury related data in this hospital. Attainable: To reduce all kinds of obstacles from the health care premises. Relevant: To increase the brand value of the hospital by evaluating this type of goal and issue. Time-bound: proper time scheduling would have to be made for executing this type of project. Project Strategies Appropriate strategies must have to be needed for evaluating this type of project process. The project is mainly planned to overcome from all sorts of shortcomings. By the help of this project process all kinds of problems could be overcome (Muller, 2011). Project manager of the respective operation needs to use following steps and approaches; A fruitful plan needs to be there which will incorporate the staffing related issues. Special healthcare training must have to be needed for the staffs of the organization. Some important technological tools like walker would be needed to sort out those problems. Invest some possible amount of money for this type of operation. These strategies must have to be implemented for the operation. Deliverables Deliverables are those milestones which must have to be followed and maintained in the project process. Project manager of an organization must have to focus on these issues so that a smooth flow in the organizational process could be maintained (Kerzner, 2013). Some of the important deliverables raised in this case has been mentioned in the following manner; Prepare a health and safety guideline for the respective organization. Hire technical support in the organization for maintaining safety and monitoring process. Training and development of the care workers. Implement a fruitful financial plan for this overall process. Invent new procedures in the organizational premises. These are the deliverables which must have to be followed by the management of the organization (Rosenau Githens, 2011). Work breakdown structure Steps Description Expected outcome Carry out inspection the premises to identify any fall hazards Hazards like loose electrical wire and loose items like trolleys in the patient areas that are not secured (Gido Clements, 2014). Identification of the hazards will lead to neutralizing the risk posed by them in the project. identify any access related problem in all patient eras of the hospital with proper supportive equipment like the walkers and canes The loose ends of rugs, steep stairs, and lack of handrail in risky places or doors and floors only reachable by stairs that cannot be reached by a person using wheel chair or walker are the issues that need to be identified (Heagney, 2016). The risk of the falls will be less if the proper access to the places are keep under supervision and safety measures installed. Maintenance of individual equipment The maintenance of the supportive equipment like bath chairs, toilet seat handles, walkers etcetera to be maintained professionally to ensure that the equipment does not contribute to the falls. The shoes that might cause the fall or smooth floor need to be replaced for the same reason (Heagney, 2016). The incidents due to mechanical device failures will be minimized and the patients will be provided help based on their physical condition. Mandatory eye exam and hearing exam foe all elderly patients This will reduce risk of fall from lack of sight and hearing. Patients will not be helped is the specific weaknesses are monitored. Training of the staff The staff need to be trained to handle all possible issues Staffs will be more attentive and incidence of patients being unsupervised will decrease. Allocation of monitoring equipment The use of the fall sensors and CCTV cameras can be used while the riskier places like bathroom needs to be near the nurses station so that help is available if a person ventures to the bathroom. The incidence of fall will lessen as the almost falls or balance will be recorded by devices and precaution or chances of fall can be determined. And the availability of help and supervision can lead to assistance of the patients (Fuller et. al., 2010) Implement safe exercise programs This will strengthen the legs of the patient which will reduce the chances of fall (Gido Clements, 2014). Stronger legs will support the person better and chance of misstep and balance problems will be addressed simultaneously. Activity Duration (days) Carry out inspection the premises to identify any fall hazards 35 identify any access related problem in all patient eras of the hospital with proper supportive equipment like the walkers and canes 45 Maintenance of individual equipment 56 Mandatory eye exam and hearing exam foe all elderly patients 36 Training of the staff 48 Allocation of monitoring equipment 25 Implement safe exercise programs 14 Others 5 Risk assessment The risk assessment of the hospital would be quite important as the falls risks increasing occupancy of the hospital and increasing patient load and needs additional resources. The chance of external environment resulting into a fall and the medication side effects of muscle weakness are the different causes of the falls in the elderly as they are the preventable causes of fall. Medical issues like vertigo and health problems are other causes of fall. The risk assessment of the causes of fall can be based on their severity or effect and frequency and is represented in the risk matrix (Larson Gray, 2011). frequency Impact low med high debilitating Improper equipment Personal vision and hearing issues External factors Serious injury Maintenance issues Staff inattention and lack of training Lack of monitoring Minor injury Lack of supportive facilities like handrails and elevators Medication related side effects Inattention to falls history Project resources required The project requirements for this project are not just financial but there needs to be skills professionals employed to identify and carry out the needed modification of the system ands and processes (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Financial resources: the financial resources required for the project are not limited as the needs will not be clear until the assessment stage is completed and there will need to be profession contract given to a specialist firm to ensure the hospital is made fall proof. So the equipment that will need to provide for mobility aid and monitoring should also be included in the expense. Personnel needs: professional contractor to assess the needs and carry out the modifications. Specialist to install the surveillance equipment will be required and staff will need to be present to monitor the actions (Leach, 2014). Project Sponsor For executing any kind of project process appropriate structure would be highly needed. By the help of this process project manager of an organization could be able to run all sorts of activities in an efficient and effective manner (Kwak Anbari, 2009). The paper is focusing on the Mount Pleasant Hospital and its safety issue regarding injury of patients. Many patients had to suffer due to fall issue. For this reason management of the organization has decided to implement a safety technique by which overall functionalities of the process could be improved. Some of the project sponsors have been mentioned below; Governing Bodies: Governing bodies of the organization have the duty to raise funds for the process. They are said to be the main stakeholder in this kind of non-profit sector. Governing body of the organization must have to prepare suitable plan for evaluating ideas and procedures. Investors: Investors are those people those invest money for getting better return. By the help of this process overall problems and shortcomings might be obsolete. Investors need to be promoted this safety related service in such way that this purpose could be accomplished. Suppliers: Different smart elements like walker or rusty carpets would be used for delivering safe service to the patients. Management of the organization must have the duty to purchase this type of service from ethical and efficient suppliers. Care workers: care workers of the health care business must have to adjust with challenging situation. Through this process they could be able to provide appropriate service to the patients. In this type of case study, these two could be played the important role as project sponsors. By their strong support a fruitful outcome could be obtained (Schwalbe, 2015). Budget Sector of investment Cost of the process in GBP Steps Carry out inspection the premises to identify any fall hazards 12000 identify any access related problem in all patient eras of the hospital with proper supportive equipment like the walkers and canes 8000 Maintenance of individual equipment 16000 Mandatory eye exam and hearing exam foe all elderly patients 10000 Training of the staff 20000 Allocation of monitoring equipment 5000 Implement safe exercise programs 8000 Others 9000 Through the above mentioned table overall budget for implementing this process could be understood (Burke, 2013). Communication and reporting Appropriate communication plan need to be implemented for this process. Communication could be done through both verbal and non-verbal way. Care workers must verbally negotiate with the patients regarding their daily problems, besides they also have to report to the senior doctors of the hospital regarding the current condition of the patients in the case of healthcare context. On the other hand nonverbal communication could be made between the suppliers or investors. In this case terms and account details related issues could be discussed in a justified and simple manner. By the help of this way it could be expected that process can get success (Turner, 2014). Reference Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fortune, J., White, D., Jugdev, K. and Walker, D. (2011). Looking again at current practice in project management.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,4(4), 553-572. Fuller, M., Valacich, J., George, J. (2010).Information systems project management: A process and team approach. Prentice Hall Press. Gido, J., Clements, J. (2014).Successful project management. Nelson Education. Heagney, J. (2016).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Ika, L.A. (2009). Project success as a topic in project management journals.Project Management Journal,40(4), 6-19. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kwak, Y.H. Anbari, F.T. (2009). Analyzing project management research: Perspectives from top management journals.International Journal of Project Management,27(5), 435-446. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Meredith Belbin, R. (2011). Management teams: Why they succeed or fail.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(3). Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Muller, R. (2011). Project governance.Strategic Direction,27(2). Rosenau, M. D., Githens, G. D. (2011).Successful project management: a step-by-step approach with practical examples. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, J. R. (2014).The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill.